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The Roman Emperor Theodosius II called for the Council of Ephesus (431), with the intention of settling the issue. Maintaining only nominal allegiance to the emperor, they were forced to negotiate balances with the "barbarian rulers" of the former Roman provinces. Christians believe that Paul met Jesus on a trip to persecute Christians in Damascus. Catholic missions were carried to new places beginning with the new Age of Discovery, and the Roman Catholic Church established missions in the Americas. If the objectionable material (the personal claims of Jesus) are rejected, the teaching of Jesus that remains in the Gospels, not to mention his deeds, become exceedingly difficult to account for and nearly impossible to understand. [24] The Edict of Serdica was issued in 311 by the Roman Emperor Galerius, officially ending the persecution in the East. The head rabbi of Rome became a Catholic in 1945 and, in honour of the actions the pope undertook to save Jewish lives, he took the name Eugenio (the pope's first name). One of the first things that Mehmet the Conqueror did was to allow the Church to elect a new patriarch, Gennadius Scholarius. There were other crusades against Islamic forces in southern Spain, southern Italy, and Sicily, as well as the campaigns of Teutonic Knights against pagan strongholds in north-eastern Europe. A popular doctrine in the 4th century was Arianism, which taught that Christ is distinct from and subordinate to God the Father. [41] The movement destroyed much of the Christian church's early artistic history. Soon, similar institutions were established throughout the Egyptian desert as well as the rest of the eastern half of the Roman Empire. The edicts of the Diet condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas. 0 7. When Paul preached the gospel, he was consciously implementing the achievement of Jesus, not founding a separate religion. Theodosius I decreed that others not believing in the preserved "faithful tradition", such as the Trinity, were to be considered to be practitioners of illegal heresy,[31] and in 385, this resulted in the first case of the state, not Church, infliction of capital punishment on a heretic, namely Priscillian.[32][33]. The earliest followers of Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. Foundations of Theological Study: A Source Book 1) What is Sin? However, the need for some form of organised spiritual guidance lead Pachomius in 318 to organise his many followers in what was to become the first monastery. What If Neither Did? In the late 4th century, Ulfilas, a Roman bishop and an Arian, was appointed as the first bishop to the Goths, the Germanic peoples in much of Europe at the borders of and within the Empire. The final group to emerge from the "great awakenings" in North America was Pentecostalism, which had its roots in the Methodist, Wesleyan, and Holiness movements, and began in 1906 on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. If this is true, as it seems to be according to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles (book 5 of the New Testament), then we must ask: Who launched Christianity? All that Jesus founded, Paul and Peter and the others merely expounded. The history of the Christian religion and the Christian church began with Jesus and his apostles.Christianity is the religion that is based on the birth, life, death, resurrection and teaching of Jesus Christ. Now Christianity Today is regarded worldwide as the leading evangelical publication for news and opinion. In 313, Emperor Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan legalizing Christian worship. vi–1. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) initiated by Pope Paul III addressed issues of certain ecclesiastical corruptions such as simony, absenteeism, nepotism, the holding of multiple church offices by one person, and other abuses. The Nestorian churches were persecuted, and many followers fled to the Sasanian Empire where they were accepted. It was in response to movements within Europe considered apostate or heretical to Western Catholicism, in particular the Cathars and the Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy. Fundamentalist Christianity is a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th century and early 20th century in reaction to modernism and certain liberal Protestant groups that denied doctrines considered fundamental to Christianity yet still called themselves "Christian." Lv 4. [according to whom?] Even better, he could leave the post vacant and collect the revenues, theoretically in trust for the new bishop, or give a bishopric to pay a helpful noble. The bishop's location was his "seat", or "see". While Jesus is viewed by many Christians as the founder of the religion whose life events laid the groundwork of Christianity, Paul is viewed as the great interpreter of Jesus’ mission, arguably one of the most important and influential figures in our history, delivering that mission in a way no one had before. Paul. Wright, a world authority on the life and letters of Paul, argues in his book "What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity” that “The post-enlightenment box into which `religion' has been slotted has nothing to do with the worldview of a first-century Jew believing that Israel's God, the creator, was taking his power and reigning. Who founded Christianity? On the other hand, wealthy Italian families often secured episcopal offices, including the papacy, for their own members, some of whom were known for immorality, such as Alexander VI and Sixtus IV. Jesus commissioned the apostles to spread Christianity throughout the world (Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 1:8) -- but it was Jesus Himself who "founded" Christianity with His death, shed blood, and resurrection from the dead (Revelation 5:9-10). It’s also important to remember that neither Jesus nor Paul was trying to start a religion. Derek Holmes, History of the Papacy, p. 102. All of these nations, however, had been converted long before these dates. [45], Jerusalem was held by the crusaders for nearly a century, while other strongholds in the Near East remained in Christian possession much longer. The iconoclastic movement was later defined as heretical in 787 under the Second Council of Nicaea (the seventh ecumenical council) but had a brief resurgence between 815 and 842. It holds special significance in Christian tradition as the age of the direct apostles of Jesus. In the early 16th century, attempts were made by the theologians Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli, along with many others, to reform the Church. A further 2,700 Polish priests were executed (a quarter of all Polish priests), and 5,350 Polish nuns were either displaced, imprisoned, or executed. Risposta preferita. Jerusalem was held until 1187 and the Third Crusade, famous for the battles between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin. Some Say Jesus; Some Say Paul. Jesus? That Gospel included messages related to the atonement of sin through Jesus’ death on the cross, and understanding that promise through faith, in line with Jesus’ message. Term was not coined that means it was more Eastern semitc and affected Rome more two billion Christians,. Of them is called patristics the battle of Milvian Bridge Antioch in 1099 and then Jerusalem Apostolic. 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